Today I learned that the Miller Analogies Test (MAT) will be retired by Pearson in November of this year. The MAT is a graduate admissions test developed by Dr. W. S. Miller of the University of Minnesota in 1926 (decades before the creation of the GRE and GMAT tests). For many years it was offered by The Psychological Corporation, and later by Harcourt and Pearson.

Though obscure, the MAT is still accepted by some schools.

As the name suggests, the test mostly consists of analogies. It also contains a little bit of math, curiously.

While I was in Canada last year, I found a copy of Arco’s “TOEFL” from 1974/75.  This is the oldest TOEFL book I have ever had in my hands.  It was written by Harriet N. Moreno, Edith H. Babin and Carol V Scallon.  Interestingly, the audio files came on vinyl records (which I could not get).

I can’t resist using this opportunity to write a few words about Arco.

Though it is largely forgotten nowadays, Arco was one of the very first publishers of test preparation books in the United States.  Founded in 1937 (two years before Barron’s) by Milton Gladstone, the company eventually branched out into fiction and cheap general reference books of all sorts.  Notably, the publisher attracted the attention of the United States government due to the publication of its “Arco Sophisticates” line of paperback erotica (many written by Jack Woodford). Gladstone was subpoenaed and spoke before the US House of Representatives in 1952.   

In 1978, the publisher was acquired by Simon and Schuster.  Thanks to its long association with test prep books, the “Arco” brand name was valuable enough to be passed through various hands including those of Pearson , IDG, Thomson, Cengage and Peterson’s.  I think Peterson’s still owns the name, but I suspect no one over there even knows that.  The last book to bear the Arco name was published in 2010, as far as I can tell.  It was a guide to the Federal Clerical Exam.  I think Peterson’s retired the brand after that.

Anyhow… the gallery below contains a few pictures of the TOEFL book, including the cover, back cover, preface and “how to be a master test taker” guide.  I took a few more pictures that I won’t share here.  Let me know if you need ’em for some reason.  They include some actual questions.

Rather than

Use “rather than” to state preferences and choices.  Such as:

“He wanted to be a doctor rather than a teacher”

“I prefer to eat pizza rather than salad.”

“I decided to write rather than phone.”

“In the end, we decided to go to Toronto on Friday rather than on Sunday.”

“He’s probably just lazy, rather than stupid.”

Note how each sentence states a choice or preference.  There is not just a comparison.

Than

Use “than” to compare two things without making a choice.  As in:

“Doctors make more money than teachers.”

“Waking up early is more beneficial than staying in bed late.”

“Writing is slower than calling.”

“Cats are smaller than dogs.”

“Attending university at home is cheaper than going to another country.”

Note how every sentence makes a comparison, but no actual choice is made.

Pearson just published its annual report. The PTE (Pearson Test of English) was taken 827,000 times in 2022. That’s up from 436,000 times in 2021. I nearly fell out of my chair.

Here are the historic volumes, culled from past reports:

  • 2022: 827,000
  • 2021: 436,000
  • 2020: 350,000
  • 2019: 547,000
  • 2018: 467,000
  • 2017: 359,000

(the last four are estimates based on percentage changes quoted in the annual reports)

It’s worth repeating once again that if a test-maker provides a pleasant experience for test-takers their product will take hold. Even if the test is two hours long, and even if it has a high price tag.  Not every test has to be the Duolingo English Test… 

Think about it!

I learned that Pearson’s new “PTE Essential” test will be only available at test centers. There will be no at-home version.

Last year Duolingo pushed hard for its test to be accepted for immigration purposes… but I suspect they don’t want to launch a test center version of the DET. Similarly, ETS head Amit Sevak also suggested that he wants ETS to get into language testing for immigration, but perhaps ETS is reluctant to launch a test-center version of the TOEFL Essentials Test.

In any case, I think it will be a very long time before immigration authorities will accept results from tests taken at home. I’m glad Pearson recognizes the reality of that.

I hope to learn more about the new Pearson test. It is worth mentioning that Duolingo’s test has been a gamechanger in terms of language testing for university admissions. It costs fifty bucks and takes an hour to complete (including 15 minutes of non-testing stuff). Scores are reported in two days. There are no fees for sending scores. Best of all, it’s good enough for most prospective test-takers. The percentage of test-takers who still have a good reason to take a 3 hour test that costs $250 is declining every day.

I don’t think that Pearson’s new test will be as cheap and short as the Duolingo Test. But if they can produce a sub two-hour test that costs less than $150 and provides results in two days they could totally change how language testing for immigration is done.

So far only the Canadian government has announced that it will accept the PTE Essential Test… but I’m sure Pearson is working on greater acceptance.

 

Duolingo has just published its quarterly earnings report. You can get the lowdown on their site.

Revenues from the Duolingo English Test hit a new high of 8.4 million dollars for the quarter.  That’s up from revenues of 8.1 million dollars in Q4 of 2021. 

At $49 a pop, we can assume that the test was taken about 171 thousand times in the quarter.  The real number is likely higher than that due to freebies and discounts (at one point, Duolingo offered a deal for users who bought two instances of the test).

Here are the historic revenues of the test:

  • Q4 2022 – 8,410,000
  • Q3 2022 – 8,192,000
  • Q2 2022 – 8,036,000
  • Q1 2022 – 8,080,000
  • Q4 2021 – 8,095,000
  • Q3 2021 – 6,695,000
  • Q2 2021 – 4,833,000
  • Q1 2021 – 5,035,000
  • Q4 2020 – 4,197,000
  • Q3 2020 – 5,607,000
  • Q2 2020 – 4,598,000
  • Q1 2020 – 753,000

This suggests the test was taken about 667,000 times (plus freebies and discounts) in 2022.